Bunsen, Furnace, Oven, and Heater

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In the lab the tools that used to heat the solution in order to more quickly to react or to dissolve certain solids to dissolve. Heating devices in the lab among which is Bunsen, stove, oven and heater. Bunsen was the source of the fire in the lab using a gas fuel. The working principle of the Bunsen is at the gas stove in the home, gas is passed through a tube into a Bunsen, tip of the hose that is in the tap lab table that serves to open and close the gas flowing into the Bunsen. At the other end of the gas cylinder, the tip of the hose connected to the gas cylinder there is also a tap that can be closed and opened to drain the gas.

The Bunsen made of metal that are heat resistant. The Bunsen has a circular foot, the central part of the Bunsen has a ring that serves to regulate the oxygen that goes into Bunsen. Oxygen is essential in the process of combustion. At the top, there is space for a gas ring. At the top there is a small pipe Bunsen as a place to put out the fire.

If the rings at the center of a Bunsen opened, the oxygen entering, and vice versa if the ring is closed then the less oxygen intake. It affects the resulting fire, if the less oxygen, the flame colors will be red and the lower the temperature. Red fire can produce soot on glass tools. Soot is a carbon black produced due to the combustion process and is usually difficult to clean and stick to the tools that are directly exposed to red fire.

But if more oxygen into the Bunsen, the flame colors will be blue and the temperature is getting hotter. If the more oxygen that goes into the Bunsen, there will be two layers of fire which is the outer layer (blue flame) and the inner layer (green flame). The green flame has a lower temperature than the blue flame. In green flame, there is conical space. In this space a temperature lower than the green flame. In the time of heating, put the device made of glass or porcelain with a Bunsen that did not catch the both fire (green and blue) because it will be breakable. This is because the tool surface directly exposed to fire at a different temperature, the temperature of the blue flame and green flame.

How to use a Bunsen connects the hose to the gas cylinder, then open the Bunsen ring slightly so that there is oxygen intake. Turn on the flame of a lighter and then hold the upper end of the pipe of a Bunsen and then open the Bunsen gas taps on the table so that gas flows into Bunsen. Then it will light a Bunsen. Turn off the heat of a match. Be careful at this time, do not let the process is reversed, do not open the gas tap and then lit the fire of lighters, it could cause a Bunsen explode because a lot of gas that came out and met with fire from lighters.

In this position the Bunsen flame generated will be red. Go to the ring and opened so the oxygen into the Bunsen slowly. This will cause the fire to change the color becomes more blue. Open ring to obtain the two layers of fire which is the fire of green and blue flame. Bunsen now ready for use. Do not be too great opening of this ring, because if too much oxygen intake can cause outages in a Bunsen flame and gas flowing out Bunsen. If gas is met with the source of the fire, it could explode. If the smell of gas around the Bunsen, the thing to do is close the gas taps  and open the windows or doors so the gas out of the lab.

To raise the temperature the Bunsen is double that can be used furnace. The cylindrical furnace is made of soil that can withstand the heat Bunsen, space inside the furnace becomes very hot and Bunsen can produce twice as much heat. the Cylindrical furnace without the lid on both ends. The furnace has two parts, namely the top and bottom. The top of the furnace is shorter than the bottom of the furnace, but the both of them have the same diameter. The bottom of the furnace has a height that exceeds the height Bunsen, about 5 cm higher.

How to use the Cylindrical furnace turns on the Bunsen, then place around it. The Bunsen now in the furnace. Place the clay triangle in the curve of the bottom of the furnace. Then place a crucible that contains solids that will be burnt on a clay triangle. Position the cup is tilted slightly so that more surface is exposed to heat in the crucible and solids more quickly heated. Place the lid on the crucible, open a little bit of space so open crucible. Be careful with the lid, do not get shut down too small because the fire could fit into the crucible and burn solids. Heated the Solid inside the crucible so that it becomes charcoal. Then place the top of the furnace at the bottom of the furnace. Heat it until all the charcoal to ash.

There is a furnace that is shaped like an oven. The furnace uses fuel gas and electricity, as well as easier to use than the Cylindrical furnace. How to use the furnace turns on the stove and raise the temperature to 500°C, and then open the furnace doors and enter crucible with the lid using tongs. Tongs are made of heat-resistant metal shaped like scissors, only the surface is not sharp, and is only used to take the lab tools that heat by pinning. Open the lid slightly so the smoke can get out of the solids. Then close the door of the furnace. Heated the solid in a crucible so it becomes charcoal. After solids into charcoal, raise the furnace temperature to 1200°C so the solids into ashes. And the combustion process has also been completed.

Other heating devices are an oven. Oven uses electricity as an energy source. Oven shaped like a box and trays in it. There is a button on and off to turn on and turn off the oven. At the front of it, there is a screen of temperature or a thermometer to determine the temperature in the oven. And there is an air circulation button, this button can be opened and closed. The oven has a temperature up to 105°C. How to use the oven is turn on the oven by pressing the button on, then raise the temperature to the desired, for example 100°C. Open air button, for example a half of it. Wait for one hour before the oven is used. So that the heat in the oven be spread evenly.

The oven cannot be burned solids to ash. The oven can heat or emit only water from the solids. The oven can also be used to dry the glassware. Not all the glassware can be dried in an oven. the glassware used to accurately measure liquids should not be put in the oven because it expands and the volume becomes inaccurate. the glassware that should not be put in the oven like a volumetric pipette, graduated pipette, volumetric flask and so on.

Another tool that can be used to heat is the heater or magnetic stirrer. This tool uses electricity as an energy source. Aside from being a hater, this tool also can be used for stirring. Heater or magnetic stirrer such as an electric stove. This tool box-shaped and at the top there is a hot plate as a place to put the container to be heated. At the front, there is the temperature button that can be used to set the temperature up to 120°C. And there is a speed button to stir the solution.

How to use this tool is enter the solution in the beaker or Erlenmeyer flask, then enter boiling stones into it. Boiling stones are made of porcelain, irregular shape and magnitude of approximately 1 cm. Boiling stones has functions to make the bubbles out when heated to be smaller and to avoid strong splashing. Then place the beaker or Erlenmeyer flask above a hot plate on magnetic stirrer or the heater. Turn on the appliance by pressing the button on. Turn the temperature until it reaches the desired temperature, for example 70°C. If necessary to stir, insert the magnet into this solution and turn the speed up to the desired scale. The magnet will spin and the solution will be stirred. If you are finished, turn the temperature and the speed to zero. Then switch off the appliance by pressing the off button.

That was part of heating appliance in the lab that can be used in accordance with their respective functions and the desired temperature.